Cuban Missile Crisis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cuban Missile Crisis - Research Paper Example The Soviet Union in addition to the United States went into an understanding through back channels of correspondence to pull back the rockets. The United States pulled back it rockets from Turkey while the Soviet Union pulled back its rockets from Cuba (Chayes, 1974). After the correspondence between the two states, Cuba was upset about it and thought of it as a selling out by the soviet government. The connection among Cuba and the Soviet Union decayed. This implied mass obliteration by atomic weapons became canceled totally (Cuban rocket emergency, 2011). It guaranteed that there was tact and dealing power between the two super powers. The correspondence between the two clarified that they could go to a trade off without essentially doing battle. They found a method of quiet conjunction. The connection among America and the Soviet Union didn't stay agreeable for quite a while (Cuban rocket emergency, 2011). The utilization of spy cameras and planes got transcendent since the United States was following up the rockets on the bases of Cuba through satellite. The primary phone â€Å"hotline† got introduced so as to offer direct correspondence between the two presidents. The dealings were in progress, and a trade off came to at (Chayes, 1974). On account of the extraordinary relationship, Kennedy got the open certainty in the wake of going to a concurrence with the Soviet Union since he became seen as a weak’ pioneer (Cuban rocket emergency, 2011). After Kennedy, Reagan came to control and had the option to overpower the USSR which realized the destruction of this Soviet Bloc and furthermore a conclusion to the virus war (Cuban rocket emergency, 2011). ... The specialists educated Kennedy that he has just 10 days before the rockets are operational (Allison, 1969). Kennedy sets up a board of trustees of National Security Council individuals to offer him guidance. The President before long declares that he was setting up various maritime barricades on Cuba (Chayes, 1974). Various B52 atomic bombs became conveyed, guaranteeing an eighth of every one of them was airborne without fail. On that night, a Western covert operative working in Russia got captured. His last message was that the Soviet assault was inescapable (Allison, 1969) On the 23rd of October, Khrushchev gave a clarification that these rocket locales were deliberately implied for safeguarding Cuba against outer assault (Chayes, 1974). 20 Russian boats became spotted making a beeline for Cuba (Pfiffner, n.d). He blamed the United States for theft, and cautioned that Russia was setting up a fitting answer to the approaching assailant. The principal Russian boat moored on the mar itime bar on the 25th of October 1962 (Allison, 1969). This was an oil boat, and it was permitted to pass. The other Russian boats conveying hazardous rockets turned around. The US government had covertly offered to evacuate its rockets situated in Turkey. They were to trade them for the ones in Cuba (Chayes, 1974). On 26th October Russia was all the while proceeding with building the rocket bases (Chayes, 1974). Kennedy started arranging a military strike on Cuba. Khrushev sent Kennedy a message offering to demolish all the atomic locales in the event that he would lift the barricade he had set and to make a deal to avoid attacking Cuba (Clearly, 2009). The Kennedys’ met with the Russian minister and referenced expelling all the rockets situated in Turkey (Pfiffner, n.d). Before Kennedy could answer to his letter,

Legends Of Seismology :: essays research papers

Legends in Our Time Seismologists†¦ Scientists and Mathematicians Beno Gutenberg was the principal observational seismologist of the twentieth century. He joined perfect examination of seismic records with ground-breaking scientific, interpretive, and displaying aptitudes to contribute numerous significant revelations of the structure of the strong Earth and its environment. Maybe his most popular commitment was the exact area of the center of the Earth and the recognizable proof of its versatile properties. Other significant commitments incorporate the movement time bends; the revelation of extensive stretch seismic waves with huge amplitudes that circle the Earth; the distinguishing proof of contrasts in crustal structure among landmasses and seas, remembering the disclosure of an essentially dainty covering for the Pacific; the disclosure of a low-speed layer in the mantle (which he deciphered as the zone of decoupling of even movements of the surficial parts from the more profound pieces of the Earth); the making of the greatness scale for quak es; the connection among sizes and energies for tremors; the renowned general extent recurrence connection for seismic tremor disseminations; the primary thickness circulation for the mantle; the investigation of the temperature conveyance in the Earth; the comprehension of microseisms; and the structure of the air. Source: http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/bgutenberg.html Inge Lemann's essential achievements managed revelations about the Earth's center. In 1936, she found that the Earth has a little internal center. At that point she "saw" the zone where seismic tremor waves didn't go through and contemplated that there must be an external fluid center and an inward strong center. She was the main leader of the European Seismological Commission. Lehmann was Denmark's just seismologist for two decades. What's more, in 1977, she turned into the main lady to be granted the Medal of the Seismological Society of America. Source: http://www.physics.purdue.edu/wip/herstory/lehmann.html Charles Francis Richter began working at the Seismological Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, based at Pasadena, California, in 1927. The next year, he was granted a doctorate in hypothetical material science by the Californian Institute of Technology (Caltech). During the 1930s, Richter was arranging more than 200 quakes per year in southern California at Caltech's Seismological Laboratory. He needed to devise a methods for evaluating them on a target, quantitative premise. Estimating the amplitudes of seismic waves recorded on seismographs in southern California, Richter figured a nearby greatness scale, to survey the size of tremors happening in the locale.

Andrew Grove

They have tied up with web crawler Google for the remote application for instance. Fundamentally, Intel activities are separated into two segments: the correspondences gathering, known as ICG or Intel Communications Group; and the other area comprises of the Intel Architectural business. The design area is answerable for the creation of â€Å"platform† sheets that comprises of chipsets and microchips, which are utilized in work area processors; including the Intel Pentium 4 processor and the Celeron. Then again, the correspondences segment manage the creation and advancement of remote innovation. They are generally worried about glimmer memory and cell base-band innovation. Intel is likewise known for huge scope tie-ups with different firms. Case of such is their tie-up with internet searcher Google for improvement of remote innovations. They are likewise know to be associated with different firms like Microsoft and Dell. Be that as it may, rivalry has been believed to make up for lost time with the authority goodness Intel. As of late, a ton of noises have been heard in the ongoing choice of present CEO Paul Otellini divulged his arrangement to deliver the smaller scale chip partnership to another industry. While the rest had their issues with it, previous CEO Andrew Grove is all gestures of recognition for it. The present CEO’s vision is to by and large change the picture of Intel beginning from what Andrew Grove for all intents and purposes assembled. Beginning from the rejecting of the popular â€Å"e† trademark of the logo, the organization saying and even the brand, the organization has been imagined to experience a change. A great deal of chiefs appear to be against the changing of such things that made Intel an easily recognized name. Indeed, even the logo has been generally known in all pieces of the globe. In the interim, Andrew Grove has been vocal about his endorsement of the said changes. As he would like to think, they are of a similar line of reasoning that the current CEO has, that the organization truly needs to experience these adjustments with the end goal for the to tell the world that even Intel is acclimating to the quick paced development of the business and that they, as an organization, ought to be at equivalent balance with the remainder of the organizations in the equivalent industry.â He further burdens that it is a basic for the organization to show that the organization displays a demonstration of hazard taking and result direction, joined likewise by the estimation of control. Previously, under Grove’s management and Craig Barrett (Grove’s replacement), the organization concentrated on the creation of microchips and started to lead the pack in that industry for quite a long time. They helped bring forth the Information Age by creating more microchips and in this manner, delivering quicker PCs and completion in the improvement of smaller scale handling. Be that as it may, what Otellini had as a top priority is a long way from the previous picture of Intel, taking into account that he even needed to change the logo and friends image. He needed to wander into unfamiliar locales of advanced wellbeing industry and that of â€Å"platform† innovations. Notwithstanding the negative perspectives about Otellini’s choice, Analysts from outside the organization have refered to different perspectives about the subject, expressing the way that occasionally, change is required for a major organization to keep up strong bit of leeway. They additionally included that different organizations that endure the progressions kept up industry authority, much the same as what befell Texas Instruments. Nonetheless, the opposite side notes that it isn't generally that fitting to change their objective industry and discover a specialty in different markets, in spite of the fact that they have initiative in the business they would leave. Adding capability to the capability of the pundits, Intel’s contender, AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) Inc., have scored a significant point against Intel as it beat the organization as far as utilization as AMD Inc rose to a higher rate in 2003 and experts see that it would keep on ascending against Intel except if Intel discharges another serious line of processors later on.. In the remote interchanges field, Texas Instruments and Qualcomm Inc are as yet standing their own ground against Intel’s progresses. Likewise, the two organizations are wanting to discharge their own variants of the stage that they guaranteed, would acquire portions of the market than the new Intel is attempting to manufacture a specialty on. Then again, numerous individuals are extolling Otellini’s vision of the new Intel, expressing that they have never observed such a great amount of advancement in innovation concerning their fields, particularly that of medication. Likewise, individuals have really observed the development of the organization, demonstrating guarantee for an entire assortment of new plans that are in progress. Not exclusively did the plans support organization ties with different organizations, yet in addition made their accomplice organizations have faith in the new adaptability of Intel. They advanced nearer ties with wireless aggregates Nokia and Samsung; had present tie-ups with Google; ties with Sony and Philips; and with those ties, Intel had the option to deliver and discharge various sorts of creative items. There various improvements have distinctive market responses. Some creating incredible outcomes, others not. In any case, examiners are directly in calling attention to that different organizations that are industry pioneers additionally experienced changes that seemed as though they are going no place, in spite of the fact that at long last, they have demonstrated that their change would really pay off. Also, presently, Intel took their lead and in the end accepting a few changes in themselves too. The issue would be, in the event that they can keep up the constructive outcomes and take out the negative impacts of the changes. With respect to their choice of making the organization over, It is. The industry’s response to it appeared to regard the choice as a savvy move also. Opponent AMD Inc made a few arrangements with ATI, and this demonstrated Intel created a greater risk than previously. Likewise, the aftereffect of other advertising systems in the arrival of the new items demonstrated that Intel can truly stand its ground against the adversaries in the enterprises that they have entered. They additionally indicated that they can keep up the administration in their industry, and even renovated themselves into a more genuine danger than that of previously. Be that as it may, not all choices exclusively produce great impacts. The negative impacts in this manner ought to be managed appropriately. Otellini didn't make a terrible move and he guaranteed that he would create great outcomes which he did, in spite of the fact that in the process almost embarrassing the organization as he endured close to misfortunes and keep on being behind Texas Instrument in different fields. Intel settled on a decent choice remotely as well as settled on advancement choices inside, dealing with their representatives better and offering opportunities to different fields like medication to be at a similar level as that of the designers, the capability of Intel previously. May be this was a factor in Otellini’s condition that he concocted for organization development. With everything taken into account, Intel has made an astounding movement from the manner in which it was thirty seven years back. It likewise withdrew from the family unit figure that we perceived. Despite the fact that this a strong move in there part and a somewhat dangerous one considering the old model is one of the principle reasons why Intel made it to the top. In Otellini’s, and now Intel’s conviction, It is one dangerous move that was intended to keep up authority and addition preferences in different fields that they would seek after later on. The market and business world would need to watch out as Intel’s new look will undoubtedly remain, as is their new standpoint in the business fights. Book references Intel Corp. Organization Profile. Hurray! Account. Recovered October 26, 2006. (http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/13/13787.html) Intel Corporation. PC Business Review Online. Recovered October 26, 2006. (http://www.cbronline.com/companyprofile.asp?guid=E82C088A-0488-4DB5-8953-9E316C2B44D1CType=Background)

Book Review Chapter 8 Stratification, Class, Inequality - 1925 Words

Book Review Chapter 8: Stratification, Class, Inequality (Book Review Sample) Content: Students NameProfessors NameCourseDateChapters ReviewChapter 8: Stratification, Class, and InequalityIn the 8th chapter, the major theme of study is the stratification, class, and inequality of people in the US as portrayed by the youths. To begin with, there exists a social stratification that proves to rank people in classes based on the social status. As outlined by Giddens, Duneier, Carr, and Appelbaum, the social stratification begins with the teenage where status power finds its course. Teenager starts creating various social classes at school levels based on ones social class which is determined by how well a student can cope with the current fashion in dressing.Similarly, class also plays a great role in the creation of a socially stratified community as brought out by the conversation between Kate and Ellen when they joke with Robert concerning a rather non-classy lady for his dating. To them, they are the best and the most beautiful compared to the lady who, according to them, is of low status, especially judging by her physical appearance. In the same conversation, it is true to assert that even though they are talking about a lady in absentia, they are just trying to show Robert that he is not of their class. However, Robert seems unaware of their motive, gets in the joke, and also makes a further joke citing the difficulties he would face in trying to cuddle the fat lady.The inequality is also brought out especially by the lifestyle of the teenage students in college. It is clear that they, especially girls, are cautious and concerned about who sits with them. While trying to confirm it, the students seem to mingle with the right people  of their caliber. The inequality has adverse effects in life, especially the case of slavery. The ones who are unequal based on the low status get mistreatments that go to the extent of slavery. Relating to other people as a property is a great show of inequality in humanity.In the US, the class is further influenced by the widening gap between the rich and the poor. It has effect on the distribution and accumulation of wealth which brings out the real disparity. However, the advancement in technology and globalization has impacted positively a big change in humanity since everyone is viewed as a potential economic improvement player. In such a way, the gap between the various classes of society widens, but even in some time, most probably that it will not disappear. Despite various predictions, people are to strive for better relations as each individual has equal rights in the society and deserves to be treated without prejudices.Finally, the importance of globalization and advancement of information technology in curbing the caste system, especially in the United States, is evident. Therefore, this chapter revolves around social stratification, poverty, class system, and social exclusions. They are the major problems faced by America which hindered the economic developme nt over time. However, the increased technological advancement and globalization make a big change regarding the issue of humanity as everyone is seen as a useful and potential in improving the economies.Chapter 10: Gender InequalityAndrea Ellington brings out the whole issues of gender inequality, especially in the context of job opportunity. Besides having a low profile job with a poor pay, she laments of all she has to do in order to carter for her daily needs and the necessities of her three kids. To begin with, it is evident that the low category jobs are given to women not only in the company where Ellington works but in nearly all other organizations. It comes out that women are always entrusted with the jobs that rather appear not to be appealing to men. The notion that the low profile jobs are for females is highlighted in this chapter, and it brings out the concept of gender inequality, which proves the expression that what a man can do, a woman cannot even try.  Accord ing to Giddens et al. (2003), only 4% of 500 companies Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) are women in the US. The explanation is that most females are entrusted with the subordinate duties such as secretarial, personal assistant, cooks, among other low profile categories of jobs.On the same note, gender is seen to determine the social roles and expected behavior of a given individual. The society has a defined expectation for a gender, and deviation can cause a lot of concern that might not be pleasing at some point. In this chapter, it is revealed that gender roles are enforced by the social factors like schooling, family, and the media. Also, chapter 10 highlights the gender inequality in terms of segregation just within an occupation and discrimination that is propagated by the same inequality. Even though children come to existence as a result of the action between men and women, parenting role of care giving is solely left for the females while the fathers tend to be busy in the name of fending for the family. On the same point, when it comes to hiring, a woman with the same qualification as the male applicant has only 30% probability of getting hired based on gender inequality. So, securing a top job calls for human, cultural, and social capitals which try to favor the male applicants.However, it comes out that even though men are portrayed as the dominant sex when talking about the opportunities; they also have lots of regrets in life. As discussed in the chapter, the biggest one is the limited time with the family. In this sense, women have more advantages as they see how their children grow. Therefore, this chapter is a real ideology surrounding the male supremacy in the society.Chapter 11: Ethnicity and RacismThe theme of ethnicity and race is brought out perfectly in chapter 11 by the tales of a black woman by the name Maureen. Being an elderly female of forty-five years of old, she does not speculate but sure with her sentiments. Her actions and word s, especially to her kids, indicate the presence of ethnicity and racial prejudice. The setup of this chapter is in the City of Leicester, and Maureen tries to show how racism has gone heights by disputing the possibility of children born by black men and white women being considered as whites. To her, whether black or dual heritage between a black and the whites, one would simply be considered black. This itself is a fallacy given that whiteness is a predominant complexion compared to blackness. According to a recent research by United Nations Humans Rights Council (UNHRC) in 2010, what propels the blacks to marry the white ladies is the attempt to suppress the effect of racism. Instead, the expectation never became since even the dual heritage would not be considered as whites. To the racist whites, a dual-heritage kid would not experience the same treatments as the pure but instead would be subjected to the same experience that the blacks faces on the racial grounds.Furthermore, ethnicity and racism are not only experienced within the residential but also in the workplaces. Institutional racism is rampant with the blacks having bad moments within the institutions filled with the behavior of inferiority that further affects their performance. Besides, stereotyping based on race has also become a norm. Again, in this chapter, the root cause of the ethnicity is revisited and points back to the slavery days. The coming of the inhabitants, especially the Africans, which led to the being of African-Americans, was as a result of the slave trade. Therefore, even after the end of slavery, racism could not end since the whites would still associate the blacks with the slavery and inferiority.In an attempt to rectify the situation and create a rather equal environment without racism and ethnicity, the civil rights movements started cropping up in order to bridge the gap and offer a forum of understanding. Most of the movements were formed with the main aim of gettin g and addressing the grievances of the minority groups. Besides, the movements worked on creating awareness among people on the importance of inclusivity of all. Therefore, people learned to appreciate each other irrespective of the ethnicity or race with time, and this led to the reduction of racism.Chapter 12: AgingIn this chapter, the reader looks at what the aged going through. Is it possible to make any significant achievement at old age? To most of the people, age is a hindrance of many activities and achievements, which are not the case with Penya Crown, the seventy years old man who took part in the Los Angeles Marathon. The effect of the graying population in the US is evident as the number of old people increases. Biological aging is among the best known types of aging but occurs at different times depending on an individual. Therefore, there is no exact age at which the aging signs such as facial wrinkles start occurring. Apart from the biological aging, there is also the aspect of psychological aging which affects mostly ones reasoning, learning, and any other facet of the intellect. In essence, it is believed and also scientifically proven that it can reach a point in time that ones reasoning deteriorates up to a level where an elderly person would reason like a small kid. The same happens with the memory where ones memory can get aged to an extent that one can be so forgetful.Social aging is another aspect of aging that looks into integration of the aged in the society. According Giddens et al. (2016), there exists a social conflict between the aged and the society. Therefore, it has become difficult to carter fully for the needs of the aged in the society due to the contradictions. The aged are being looked u...

Informative Speech Reference Of Music By Gretel Herrera

Informative Speech Outline in reference to Music by Gretel Herrera General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech, the audience we will learn the importance of music in our lives and the benefits associated with listen to music to our health and development of our brain. Thesis: Music is an important and rewarding part of our lives and is essential to the development of a child’s brain and to keep a healthy body. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Today I am going to talk about music. We can say that all people around the world listen music because it is part of our everyday lives. During my whole life I have ever met any person who said they do not like music. Many people do not realize the importance and benefits of listen to music. Do you really think that the only way that music benefits our life is to relax after an stressful day? B. Thesis: Since the beginning of civilization man has heard music, he has played music using the simplest to the most complex instruments that exist nowadays. Every day of our lives we listen to music, when we are staying in our home, when we are driving in our car, when we want to relax, when we go to a party, when we take a shower, music is always part of our lives. The music has on us the power to affect our mood. Music stimulates brain cells, reduces stress and is also used to cure sick people and has therapeutic powers. Music should be considered an essential element of human being life. C. Credibility

Chuck Yeager Essay - 780 Words

Chuck Yeager is unquestionably the most famous test pilot of all time. He won a permanent place in the history of aviation as the first pilot ever to fly faster than the speed of sound, but that is only one of the remarkable feats this pilot performed in service to his country. Charles Elwood Yeager was born in 1923 in Myra, West Virginia and grew up in the nearby village of Hamlin. Immediately upon graduation from High School he enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps to serve in World War II. Shot down over enemy territory only one day after his first kill in 1943, Yeager evaded capture, and with the aid of the French resistance, made his way across the Pyrenees to neutral Spain. Although army policy prohibited his return to†¦show more content†¦After the onset of the space race in 1956, Yeager commanded the Air Force Aerospace Research Pilots School to train pilots for the space program. In this capacity, Yeager supervised development of the space simulator and the introduction of advanced computers to Air force pilots. Although Yeager himself was passed over for service in space, nearly half of the astronauts who served in the Gemini, Mercury and Apollo programs were graduates of Yeagers school. In 1963, Yeager was flying the experimental Lockheed Starfighter at over twice the speed of sound when the engine shut off and he was forced to abandon the spinning aircraft. Yeagers compression suit was set on fire by the burning debris from the ejector seat, which became entangled in his parachute. He survived the fall, but required extensive skin grafts for his burns. The Air Force space school was closed in 1966, as NASA took over the training of astronauts. During the Vietnam War, Yeager -- now a full colonel -- commanded the 405th fighter wing out of the Philippines, flying 127 air-support missions, and training bomber pilots. In 1968, Yeager was promoted to brigadier general. He is one of a very few who have risen from enlisted man to general in the Air Force. In 1970, General Yeager served as U.S Defense Representative to Pakistan and supervised Pakistans air defense in its war with India. He retired from the Air Force in 1975, but continued toShow MoreRelatedI. Movie Title: The Right Stuff II. Major Characters: Chuck Yeager, John Glenn, Alan Sheppard,1200 Words   |  5 PagesI. Movie Title: The Right Stuff II. Major Characters: Chuck Yeager, John Glenn, Alan Sheppard, Gordo Cooper, Gus Grissom III. Historical Time Period: America in the 1940’s (during space exploration) IV. Film Plot: This film pretty much is all about the advances in American technology and how it affected the space race against the Soviets. It revolves around the Mercury 7 crew and test pilots competing with Soviets for the race to outer space. V. Film summary: The Right Stuff begins during theRead MoreEssay on American Heros in Tom Wolfes The Right Stuff 996 Words   |  4 Pagesinclude Pete Conrad, Chuck Yeager, John Glenn, Gus Grissom, Wally Shirra, Alan Shepard, Gordon Cooper, Scott Carpenter and Deke Sleyton. Some of these men were hotshot test pilots at Edwards Air Force Base, and some flew cargo planes. Some had impeccable service records, while others hadnt flown in a real dog fight for even a second. Despite these differences in backgrounds and credentials, Tom Wolfe turns each of these nine men into a separate and individualized hero. Chuck Yeager and John GlennRead MoreChuck Yeagar : The Boy Who Would Become A Man1210 Words   |  5 PagesChuck Yeagar was born Febuary 13 1923.The tiny town of Hamlin, West Virginia sits nestled in the Appalachian foothills, just about as far from worldwide acclaim as anyplace that’s barely a dot on the map. Yet it was here that the boy who would become a legend became a man. The second son of Albert Hal and Susie Mae Yeager, Chuck was always a curious kid. When he wasn’t climbing trees or exploring in the woods, he could often be found by Grandpa Yeager’s side watching, listening, and learning howRead More Courage is The Right Stuff by Tom Wolfe Essay example956 Words   |  4 Pagestask before he had to move onto the next task. Another example of how training proved to accompany courage as the right stuff is when test pilot Chuck Yeager was flying the rocket-powered NF-104 when the aircraft went into a flat spin and he lost control of it. While the aircraft was plummeting down to Earth from 104,000 feet at 150 per second, Yeager was able to stay calm and run through all the scenarios that he had been trained in, and then some extra attempts to restart the aircraft and saveRead MoreComparsion of Throughout the Fate Is the Hunter and The Right Stuff807 Words   |  4 Pagesflight, with military having huge egos and commercial having a more modest and safer approach. ____?_____. Background There are several characters that are followed throughout The Right Stuff with the main characters being the Mercury astronauts, Chuck Yeager, and Pete Conrad. While in the book Fate is The Hunter there is only one main character Ernest Gann. Earnest Gann is the typical commercial airline pilot who flies a variety of airplanes mostly consisting of the DC-2 and DC-3. However in The RightRead MoreThe Invention Of The Airplane1401 Words   |  6 PagesVoyager for flying around the world nonstop on a single load of fuel. Voyager has two centerline engines, one fore and one aft, and weighs less than 2,000 pounds (fuel for the flight adds another 5,000 pounds). It is piloted by Jeana Yeager (no relation to test pilot Chuck Yeager) and Burt’s brother Dick Rutan, who circumnavigate the globe (26,000 miles) nonstop in 9 days†(Airplane Timeline). While the plane has mainly benefited society it has also led to some of the worst tragedies in history. The airplaneRead MoreThe Importance Of Reducing The Intensity Of A Sonic Boom1256 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem can be eliminated by making a suborbital transport aircraft, which could be very beneficial, but will still create a sonic boom, and will still, annoy people. At a higher price. Supersonic flight was pioneered by the air force in 1947, when Chuck Yeager became the first man to break the sound barrier. Shortly after, supersonic aircraft research was started.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Supersonic cruising aircraft did not begin until the mid-1950 s. Research on such aircraft had its origins in the United States inRead MoreEssay on Automobiles in the 1950s1229 Words   |  5 Pagesand very plain. This was because designers were too busy designing tanks, planes, etc... for the ongoing war. The major event that took place that changed the way cars looked and how they performed happened on October 14, 1947. This was when Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier. From this point on everyone wanted to go faster. People wanted automobiles with larger displacement engines. They also wanted sleek and aerodynamic cars. This prompted General Motors Corporation to hold MotoramaRead MoreThe National Aeronautics And Space Administration Essay2009 Words   |  9 Pagesresearched and developed through the US Air Force test pilot program as well as the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). This essay will also use flight research from this decade. Also from the same decade, people such as General Chuck Yeager, Scott Crossfield, and Joseph Walker will all play significant roles in their experiences as well as how they felt about NASA. To understand why it is so important that NASA was an exemption and something of a miracle, we must first understandRead MoreThe Challenger Disaster And Its Impact On Space Travel1708 Words   |  7 Pagesincident, the president called in a commission to investigate the causes of the crash. The commission, known as the Rogers Commission after its chairman William P Rogers, include many individuals previously involved in the space program such as Chuck Yeager and Neil Armstrong, along with nobel prive winner and theroetical physicist Richard Feynman. The commission uncovered many details of the crash that were previously overlooked. Feynman conducted an experiment with the material that O rings were

Discussion of the four noble truths of Buddhism Essay Example For Students

Discussion of the four noble truths of Buddhism Essay Q2. Outline and discuss the four noble truths: is the Buddhist view of existence optimistic or pessimistic?The question of the Buddhist view of existence being optimistic or pessimistic is one which is many have an opinion on. It could be said that the four noble truths provide the views of the Buddha in the way that life is led and more importantly, should be led. Certainly, the end goal is clearly optimistic, the attainment of spiritual enlightenment, or nirvana. However, the Buddhist view of life as we lead it is often deemed pessimistic as it is so concerned with suffering. As there is more than one school of thought to, is the Buddhist view of existence of optimistic or pessimistic? our understanding of these truths is crucial to the answer. The first noble truth is the full understanding of suffering. In an obvious way, people are aware of suffering and know when they have unpleasant sensations such as hunger, cold, or sickness. However, the first noble truth includes awareness of all the ramifications of suffering because it encompasses the very nature and essence of suffering (Gethin, 1998). This includes knowledge of the subtle as well as the obvious aspects of suffering. The obvious aspect of suffering is immediate pain or difficulty in the moment. Subtle suffering is more difficult to understand because it begins with happiness. In that respect it might be considered a pessimistic view that happiness leads to suffering. However, it is a fundamental Buddhist belief that the very nature of happiness must change because it is impermanent. (Gethin, 1998). To non- Buddhists situations that might give one greatest happiness may be those which are the most actively desired and pursued e.g. love marriage and children. However, the need to maintain this happiness makes the happiness itself a suffering in Buddhist terms. If a sufferer is not aware of his suffering, s/he will never have the motivation to eliminate it and will continue to suffer. On the other hand if one becomes aware of suffering, one may be able to overcome it. In the same sense with the more subtle forms of suffering, if a person is happy and becomes aware and accepts that the happiness auto matically includes the seed of suffering, then s/he will be much less inclined to become involved in the attachment to this happiness. One will then think. And so the first truth is that one should be aware of suffering. Once one has a very clear picture of the nature of suffering, one can really begin to avoid such suffering (Sumedha, 2001). Of course, it would be reasonable to assume that everyone wants to avoid suffering and to emerge from suffering, but to accomplish this one needs to be absolutely clear about its nature. When one becomes aware that the nature of day-to-day existence is suffering (Gethin, 1998), one doesnt have to be miserable with the thought suffering will always be present because the Buddha entered the world, his teachings describe the means by which suffering can be ended. The message is in fact optimistic. No one needs to endure suffering and we can, in fact, be happy. It is believed that even though one can not immediately emerge from suffering by practis ing the Buddhas teachings, one can gradually eliminate suffering in this way, and move towards the state beyond which is liberation. This fact in itself has the power to make one happy, even before one has actually completely emerged from suffering. And also, through applying the Buddhas teachings, one can both be happy in the relative phase of ones progress and then at the end one will gain wisdom and liberation and be happy in the ultimate sense, as well. The first noble truth makes it clear that there is suffering. Once one knows what suffering is, one must eliminate that suffering. It is not a question of eliminating the suffering itself, but of eliminating the causes of suffering (Cush, 1994). Once one removes the causes of suffering, then automatically the effect, which is suffering, is no longer present. This is why, in order to eliminate this suffering, one becomes aware of the second noble truth, the truth of universal origination.The second noble truth is the truth of univ ersal origination. This is an English translation of the name Buddha himself gave to this noble truth and means that which is the cause or origin of absolutely everything. (Francesconni, 2001). The truth of universal origination indicates that the root cause of suffering is karma (Gethin, 2001). Karma is a Sanskrit word which means activity. The Buddha thought of suffering as simply a fact of existence (Cush, 1994) and in its general approach to the problem, Buddhist thought suggests, that it is beings themselves who must take ultimate responsibility for their suffering (Cush, 1994). This may seem pessimistic, but on the other hand, as we have discussed lifes illusions as something over which we humans have some control, we can work for a happy existence. Dinosaurs EssayThe second of the wisdom precepts of the path is Right Intention (or Right Attitude) and it flows directly from the insight provided by Right View. Once we can recognise that the way we see the world is not the world itself, our reactions to the world can begin to change. Buddhism ultimately seeks to eliminate all lenses entirely so we can see the true nature of reality (Gethin, 1998). This may seem impossible and that we may never achieve it in this lifetime, however the optimism behind the idea can only be seen as positive. The morality precepts of the eightfold path provide us with guidelines for mental actions consistent with Right View and Right Intention. Right Speech is the recognition that we can cause harm to ourselves or others by what we say. Right Action recognises that we can also do harm by what we do murder, stealing, assault, sexual misconduct, etc. Right Livelihood, the last of the morality precepts of the Eightfold Path, asks what we do for a living. In our hectic western world, Right Livelihood is possibly the most difficult question we have to face. We need to make a living, but a living that either does good for our fellow sentient beings or at least does not harm them. The final three precepts of The Eightfold Noble Path involve Concentration. This means living in the here and now and being fully aware of what we do and think. Buddhism asks great personal responsibility of us. Right Effort recommends that we try hard to attain Right View and live within the boundaries of the three mo rality precepts. Training the mind toward peace will bring our behaviours toward peace. Right Mindfulness refers to our cultivation of awareness of the moment. Mindfulness asks us to examine what our mind is full of at any given moment. So many people in the west are used to multi-tasking that it is extremely difficult for most to be mindful. Right Concentration is an extension of this mindfulness of the moment into our daily lives so that it becomes second nature to us (Francesonni, 2001). It is perfected through the practice of meditation. Whatever you are doing at any moment is the reality, undistracted by random thoughts that pull us back into the undisciplined mental maelstrom in which most of us live. The very essence and nature of cessation is peace. Sometimes people think of Buddhism as being pessimistic and negative. In fact, the peace one obtains from the cessation of everything unhealthy is the deepest happiness, bliss, and well being. Its very nature is lasting in contrast to worldly happiness which is exciting for a time, but then changes. In contrast, this ultimate liberation and omniscience is a definitive release from the defilement which is the cause of suffering. Their cessation is the most deeply moving peace. Within that peace all the powers of liberation and wisdom are developed. It is a very definitive release from both suffering and its result and four main qualities of this truth of cessation. First, it is the cessation of suffering. Second, it is peace. Third, it is the deepest liberation and wisdom. Fourth, it is a very definitive release. Cessation is a product of practising the path shown to us by the Most Perfect One, the Lord Buddha. The actual nature of th at path is the topic of the fourth noble truth, which is called the truth of the path because it describes the path that leads to liberation. 7211, essay two Bibliography. Cush, D, (1994), Buddhism, Hodder and Staughton, Gethin, R, (1998), The Foundations of Buddhism, Oxford University Press, (pp. 74 96)Sumedha, Ajahn, (2001), The Four Noble Truths, www.buddhanet.netFrancesconni, (2001), The Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, www.dharmawest.comWords/ Pages : 2,466 / 24